Мгновенный жизненный обзор. Метафора? Реальный мнемический опыт? Ретроспективный артефакт? К вопросу о перспективах исследования
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54359/ps.v4i18.835Ключевые слова:
мгновенный жизненный обзор, автобиографическая память, рабочая память, параллельная переработка информации, ложные воспоминания, мнемические иллюзии, генетический эксперимент, Л.С.Выготский, культурно-исторический подходАннотация
Целью статьи является анализ состояния исследований нового для научной психологии предмета – феномена Мгновенного жизненного обзора (МЖО) и разработка перспективной программы его изучения. Феномен МЖО заключается в том, что, вспоминая об экстремальных ситуациях, люди иногда утверждают, будто бы в момент максимальной угрозы «вся жизнь в одно мгновение промелькнула у них перед глазами». Критикуется сложившаяся методология исследования МЖО на основе ретроспективных отчетов, так как она не позволяет диссоциировать механизмы переживания МЖО и воспоминания о нем. Фиксируется противоречивость литературных данных об условиях возникновения, составе и последствиях МЖО. Обосновывается понимание МЖО как мнемической иллюзии, связанной с взаимодействием трех факторов: 1) специфического модуса работы автобиографической памяти в условиях сильного стресса; 2) культурного образца переживания МЖО; 3) языковых средств перекодирования образа памяти в ретроспективное описание. Разработку метода имитации феномена МЖО в лабораторных условиях предлагается провести на основе генетического эксперимента в рамках методологии культурно-исторического подхода Л.С.Выготского.
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